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  Varnish: is coating consisting of resinous matter, as copal (tree secretion) or lac (insect resin secreted by the lac bug),
dissolved in an oil, alcohol, or other volatile liquid.
 
  Wax: Good wax contain carnauba and beeswax, a solvent, and some have pigments to add a color. Some have silicone to add a shine.
 
  Lacquer: is a coating based on cellulose nitrate (nitrocellulose) with resins, sometimes with pigment added, used to produce an ultra matte to highly polished surface.
 
  Gilding: The Application of gold leaf. Water gilding or raised gilding embraces the operations by which gold leaf (0.1¡¦)
is mechanically attached to the surfaces it is intended to cover. Mostly the surface is prepared with a layer of
gesso (plaster, glue and a few aditifs). Gilding will normally have a cover to serve as protection.
                   

Museum Furniture